Unit Exam

I'm really nervous for the Unit Test tomorrow because I feel like we didn't get enough time and practice for this unit. One of the things I'm worried about is the acid base reactions because I don't recall learning that in class. I referred to the text book for this, but I also referred to outside links to learn more about it. As usual, I also did the Test Prep on schoology which usually helps me a lot.

Aqueous Solutions Summary

Solution: a homogeneous mixture

Solute: dissolved in the solvent

Solvent: present in the largest quantity in the solution

Solubility:

• Ionic Substances: anion and cation split if they are more attracted to the hydrogen and oxygen molecules in water
• Polar Substances: if the molecule has a similar structure to water, it will dissolve in water
• Substances that are insoluble in water: oil because it is nonpolar and therefore cannot dissolve in polar water. Chains of Carbons and Hydrogens cannot be dissolved in water

Solution Composition: amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent

• unsaturated: below saturation line
• saturated: on the saturation line 
• supersaturated: above the saturation line

Factors that determine how fast a solute will dissolve:

• surface area: increased surface area to contact solvent
• stirring; increases surface area
• temperature: increased molecule activity 

Mass Percentage: 

Molarity: 

Ex-







Concentration of Ions:

 (I hope that helps because it helped me a lot)

Dilutions: 

Aliquot: a portion of a larger whole, especially when dealing with a smaller sample of a mass concentration of a solution in chemistry

Using Molarities in Stoichiometry: 

Neutralization Reactions/Acid Base Reactions:

(I still don't really get this part but it was in chapter 15 so I included it)

• when a strong acid and base react, they neutralize creating water and a salt
• you can use the molarity and volumes of the acid or base to find missing parts

Normality:

• equivalent of an acid: the amount of acid that can furnish 1 mol H+;ex: 1 mol HCl=1 equiz H+
• equivalent of a base: amount of that base that can furnish 1 mol H+
• example: 1/2 mol H2SO4=1 equiv H2SO4 

This Link explains the Normality section but goes really into detail, however it does help in covering what is covered in the textbook.

Other Helpful Links:

Molarity in Stiochiometry: Video link

Practice:

http://www.chemteam.info/Solutions/Dilution.html

acid base reaction: http://misterguch.brinkster.net/PRA048.pdf

Quizlet Key Terms

Dilutions Crash Course