I was really scared for this test because I didn't feel like I understood most of the information. The fact that we also had a shortened class period was also stressing me out. To study for the test, I mostly did the practice tests online to study for the test. I also went over the notes and used resources that I found to help me study.
The test wasn't as hard as I feared it would be, but a few of the questions were really hard. I really hope I did decent on the test because I really want to exempt the final for this semester. I found that the questions were mostly concept based and not math based. I'm kind of glad that it wasn't a lot of math because that takes me a while and I wasn't very good at the math questions on the practice quizzes.
Energy and Phase Diagrams
Energy
- energy is released as heat or work
- law of conservation of energy: energy is never created nor destroyed
- Thermodynamics: the study of energy transformations
Types of Energy
- Kinetic Energy: energy of motion
- Potential Energy: energy stored (in the composition of a substance or energy of position)
Temperature and Heat
- temperature: average kinetic energy
- heat: transfer of energy
- Points of view: system (area of focus in the universe) and the surroundings (everything else in the universe)
Endothermic vs Exothermic
Measuring Energy Changes
- unit for measuring energy: Joules (J)
- or calorie (little c)= amount of energy to raise temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree Celsius
- 1 c = 4.184 Joules
- make sure to watch for units
Calculating Heat
- if mass is not given and density is given, use the density formula: d=m/v
- density of water at 25 degrees Celsius: 1
- 1 KJ = 1000 J
Determining Intermolecular Force:
- London Dispersion Force: when the electromagnetic difference is small (weakest force)
- Dipole-Dipole: large electromagnetic difference
- Hydrogen Bond: only occurs between Hydrogen and Flourine, Oxygen, Nitrogen or Chlorine
Phase Changes
